PEDAGOGY IN EDUCATION SOLVED TIMED TEST(coed)

1(a) Explain significant ways through which both Kiswahili and English can be meaningfully used as media of instruction in T/L process both primary and secondary;

In this system two languages of instruction are used, Kiswahili is used at the primary schools and primary school teacher’s colleges (grade A) while English serves as the language of instruction at the post primary level and at some private primary schools.

Therefore, learners can be helped competently and meaningfully learning using two different languages and still maintain the required learning outcomes  and cultivate positive skills, knowledge and attitudes for individual and national development in number or ways;

1.      Both of the two languages, Kiswahili and English should be used as the medium of instruction from the pre primary to higher level of education and not separately at different stages of education. For the primary education, Kiswahili should be used as the language of instruction in subjects like humanities, religious education, arts, vocational and environment studies, while for the critical subjects such as sciences and polytechnic subjects, English should be used. This should be done for the whole primary education and by so doing, pupils will grow up with the two languages, hence no switching from one language to another as how it is today in Tanzania, (Clegg (2007). At secondary level, English should be used as the medium of instruction while Kiswahili should be the compulsory subject up to the ordinary level, (United Republic of Tanzania – URT, 1995: 35).

      Incentive system to reward such attributes as excellence, creativity, innovation

The management environment should be transformed at all levels. This can be achieved by putting into place incentives that encourage and reward individuals, groups and firms to embrace initiative, creativity, innovativeness and excellence. This transformation must be reflected in the education system, training institutions, recruitment and promotion process and in business culture.

2. There should be good infrastructures that creates good environment for the learners to learn, especially well designed libraries with enough text, references books and story books which can develop the level of language. Also learning aids are important, these may be CDs which may aid in pronunciation, charts and posters to promote the language which seems to be difficult

3. ICT should also be integrated in education where learners can be able to access dialogues and debates from the internet for developing their level of language and through watching different programmes on the TV.

4. There should be efficient learning resources, both physical and personal resources. Well prepared competent and committed teachers are very important in helping learners to learn meaningful and competently. Teachers who are good in language and who master well their subject of specializations tends to inspire their learners to perform well in their studies. There should be also enough and well designed resource centers for example libraries with enough books especially story books which can develop language skills and other facilities

5. There have been negative attitudes among the Africans themselves towards their own indigenous languages that they cannot do better when used in education systems as the medium of instruction (Owino (2002), therefore in order to help them to learn meaningful and competently using two different languages and still maintain the required learning outcomes, an effortful job should be done to suppress these negative attitudes towards indigenous African languages

Therefore, both Kiswahili and English languages should be integrated in all levels of education as the media of instruction and teachers should be well prepared in both pedagogical and content mastery. But unfortunately, there is inadequate linkage between the professional and the academic subjects; hence this has led all subjects to appear disjointed, thus reducing performance and efficiency in the teacher education.

• Transform the education system so that it can develop the human capital in tandem with the socio-economic changes envisaged in the Vision 2025. The curriculum at various levels of education should be overhauled along side the needs of implementing the vision 2025.

1(b) Evaluate the possible negative impact of role of language of instruction mastery to both teachers and students in affecting the performance of both primary and secondary xul stds in national xamz in Tanzania .Give 4 impact;

Ø  Both learners and teachers at all levels of education lack proficiency in the mastery of English. Where English is used as a language of instruction, lack of proficiency undermines the ability of teachers and learners to interact effectively during the learning process..

In cost benefit analysis terms the choice of Language of Instruction (LOI) needs to be determined on the basis of five variables, namely its effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, sustainability and equity. The role of English in relation to regional integration is a relevant factor. In any case, both Kiswahili and English will be taught more effectively as subjects at respective levels. Furthermore, the modalities of the possible adoption of Kiswahili as a language of teaching and learning will be explored more.

Ø  Mass failure of students; the use of two languages in Tanzanian system of education seems to be not useful because of the mass failure of students on the certificate of secondary education examination (CSEE) compared to the performance of the pupils joining the secondary level.

Ø  Poor understanding of the examination and  instructions; this lead to poor interpretation of  examination instructions and the questions. The poor understanding of the whole examination lead to failure in examination.Eaxample; a lot of stds in secondary xuls fail to understand the questions in English language while they can attempt well the same question in Kiswahili language.

Ø  Delivery of wrong pedagogical content to students; a lot of Tanzanian teacher in secondary school, colleges and universities still face the problem in mastering the language of instruction which is English. This poor mastering of language lead to wrong delivery of content to students.

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2.”Teachers are the engineers of the human soul and the gardeners of the nation’s flowers;

v  Meaning of Engineers of the human soul

Ø  Teachers should be role models to the society and society at large in all sectors including religious, economically, socially and cultural sectors. A teacher should follow professional code of conduct which guides hm/hr as a role model.

Ø  Teacher should provide guidance and counseling to each individual learner so as to shape the learner both physical and spiritual behaviors so as to create competent students who know the values of humanity and society

v  Meaning of the gardeners of the nation’s flowers

Ø  Teachers are responsible for sharing basic knowledge which will enable students to develop into different professionals such as, doctors, teachers, lawyers, technicians, economist, engineers etc. All these professionals are required by the nation to promote economic, social, cultural and political development.

(b) Role of the teacher

v  TO THE LEARNER;

Ø  A teacher is responsible to the learner/child under his/her care. He/she has to guide a student a student to his mental and physical development.

v  TO THE EMPLOYER

Ø  A teacher has to serve the employer faithfully and in accordance to the terms of employment.

v  TO THE STATE

Ø  A teacher must understand and fulfill the obligations of the state.

v  TO THE PROFESSION

Ø  A teacher must adhere admit that teaching is a professional and has to adhere to standard of professional conduct, working deligently, setting a good example and adhere to professional services.

v  TO THE COMMUNITY

Ø   A teacher should contribute in all development projects in his/her society.

3.